There are no easy answers as to how to proceed.
1) Surgical Air Strikes - Could be effective, the Iranian air defenses, although far superior to anything Iraq had, would not likely be able to stop a coordinated attack on any and all nuclear facilities.
Pros – Eliminate the facility, minimal loss of life
Cons – Difficult to know if we’ve hit every facility, any military strike could lead to Iran attacking our troops in Iraq, a further increase in Iranian sponsored terrorism against the US
2) Ground Invasion and Occupation – Iran is a much larger country than Iraq with a population of 68 million as opposed to the 28 million of Iraq, most whom are of fighting age. We would still retain our technological advantage, but with our continued need for presence in Iraq we would stretch our forces very thin. Our recruiting problems would more than likely necessitate a draft.
Pros – Eliminate all facilities, known or otherwise
Cons – High loss of life, difficult to justify the removal of democratically elected regime simply because we do not agree with them, further suspicions in other states of American imperialism
3) Sanctions – Difficult to enforce, the second largest supplier of oil, and reduction in supplies would send prices well above the $80.00/barrel mark possibly approaching $100.00. Securing the borders to the west would require further deployments of US troops in Iraq, while additional troops would also have to be stationed in Afghanistan. This still leaves the Iranian – Turkmenistan border in addition to the Pakistan border
Pros – (I’m at a loss on this one) I’d normally state no loss of life but it is usually the case that the most innocent suffer the most as a result of sanctions.
Cons – China has already indicated it will oppose any sanctions on Iran and will support its right to continue research.