Republican policies allowed predatory lending to sell a cheap mortgage and then resell them in bundles known as "Mortgage-Backed Securities" which is essentially gambling but with a government guarantee in case they fail. So Freddie and Fannie were used by mortgage lenders to disguise a reasonable-seaming loan with no money down to people who couldn't afford it when the value of the home tanked.
First, a bank or mortgage company makes a home loan. The bank then sells that loan to an investment bank or a quasi-governmental agency like Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. They bundle a lot of loans with similar interest rates. They then sell a security that delivers the same payments that the bundle of loans do. That's the MBS, which is a security backed by the mortgage. The MBS is sold to institutional, corporate or individual investors on the secondary market.
The MBSs sold by the governmental agencies were particularly attractive, because the returns were guaranteed by these agencies, who were themselves backed by the Federal government. Therefore, those who bought a Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac MBS knew they would get something in return for their investment. Ginnie Mae absolutely guaranteed that investors would receive their payments making predatory lending VERY attractive and lucrative. This wasn't a democrat program fucko, this was a REPUBLICAN program signed by your buddy W. The program was created in 1968 but under W and his deregulation it was actually implemented on a large scale for the first time.
And Eventually........
The invention of mortgage-backed securities completely revolutionized the housing, banking and mortgage business. At first, mortgage-backed securities allowed more people to buy homes. During the real estate boom, many less careful banks and mortgage companies made loans with no money down, thus allowing people to get into mortgages they really couldn't afford. The lenders didn't care as much, because they knew they could sell the loans, and not pay the consequences when and if the borrowers defaulted. This created an asset bubble, which then burst in 2006 with the subprime mortgage crisis. Since so many investors, pension funds and financial institutions owned mortgage-backed securities, everyone took losses, creating the 2008 financial crisis.
The intent was to allow banks to sell off mortgages, thus freeing up funds to lend to more homeowners. The founders didn't anticipate that this would also remove an important discipline for good lending practices. Banks soon realized that they wouldn't be around to take the loss if the borrower didn't pay off the loan. The banks got paid for making the loan, but didn't get hurt if the loan went bad. Therefore, they weren't as careful about the credit-worthiness of the borrower.Second, mortgage-backed securities allowed financial institutions other than banks to enter the mortgage business. Before MBSs, only banks had large enough deposits to make long-term loans. They had the deep pockets to wait patiently until these loans were repaid 15 or 30 years later. The invention of MBSs meant that lenders got their cash back right away from investors on the secondary market. Mortgage lenders sprang up everywhere, and they also weren't too careful about who they lent to. This created additional competition for traditional banks, who had to lower their standards to keep the loan volume up.Third, MBSs were not regulated. Traditionally, banks had been highly regulated by governmental agencies to make sure their borrowers were protected. MBSs, and mortgage brokers, were not.
First, a bank or mortgage company makes a home loan. The bank then sells that loan to an investment bank or a quasi-governmental agency like Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. They bundle a lot of loans with similar interest rates. They then sell a security that delivers the same payments that the bundle of loans do. That's the MBS, which is a security backed by the mortgage. The MBS is sold to institutional, corporate or individual investors on the secondary market.
The MBSs sold by the governmental agencies were particularly attractive, because the returns were guaranteed by these agencies, who were themselves backed by the Federal government. Therefore, those who bought a Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac MBS knew they would get something in return for their investment. Ginnie Mae absolutely guaranteed that investors would receive their payments making predatory lending VERY attractive and lucrative. This wasn't a democrat program fucko, this was a REPUBLICAN program signed by your buddy W. The program was created in 1968 but under W and his deregulation it was actually implemented on a large scale for the first time.
And Eventually........
The invention of mortgage-backed securities completely revolutionized the housing, banking and mortgage business. At first, mortgage-backed securities allowed more people to buy homes. During the real estate boom, many less careful banks and mortgage companies made loans with no money down, thus allowing people to get into mortgages they really couldn't afford. The lenders didn't care as much, because they knew they could sell the loans, and not pay the consequences when and if the borrowers defaulted. This created an asset bubble, which then burst in 2006 with the subprime mortgage crisis. Since so many investors, pension funds and financial institutions owned mortgage-backed securities, everyone took losses, creating the 2008 financial crisis.
The intent was to allow banks to sell off mortgages, thus freeing up funds to lend to more homeowners. The founders didn't anticipate that this would also remove an important discipline for good lending practices. Banks soon realized that they wouldn't be around to take the loss if the borrower didn't pay off the loan. The banks got paid for making the loan, but didn't get hurt if the loan went bad. Therefore, they weren't as careful about the credit-worthiness of the borrower.Second, mortgage-backed securities allowed financial institutions other than banks to enter the mortgage business. Before MBSs, only banks had large enough deposits to make long-term loans. They had the deep pockets to wait patiently until these loans were repaid 15 or 30 years later. The invention of MBSs meant that lenders got their cash back right away from investors on the secondary market. Mortgage lenders sprang up everywhere, and they also weren't too careful about who they lent to. This created additional competition for traditional banks, who had to lower their standards to keep the loan volume up.Third, MBSs were not regulated. Traditionally, banks had been highly regulated by governmental agencies to make sure their borrowers were protected. MBSs, and mortgage brokers, were not.