Donald Trump has long suggested that he takes a skeptical view of the United States' alliances. However, in an interview with the New York Times on Wednesday evening, the Republican presidential nominee went further than before, appearing to suggest that the United States should not be required to automatically defend NATO allies if they face attack.
Trump specifically pointed to the Baltic states that sit near Russia's borders, who often complain of belligerence from Moscow, and said they would only be helped if they had "fulfilled their obligations to us." For some in those in the Baltic states — Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania — the American businessman's comments provoked confusion and surprise.
"Estonia is of 5 NATO allies in Europe to meet its 2% def expenditures commitment," Estonia's President Toomas Hendrik Ilves wrote on Twitter, referring to the percentage of gross domestic product that NATO members are expected to spend on defense.
The Estonian president also pointed to his country's role in the war in Afghanistan as proof of the country's commitment, retweeting a message that said Estonia had one of the highest casualty rates per capita in that conflict. “Estonia’s commitment to our NATO obligations is beyond doubt and so should be the commitments by others,” a spokesperson for the Estonian foreign ministry, added in an email.
Latvian Foreign Minister Edgars Rinkevics also took to Twitter to address Trump's comments, writing that Latvia stood "shoulder to shoulder with all our allies, always did, always will." Rinkevics, who is currently on a work-related trip to the United States, later told Diena newspaper that Latvia's national security was also in its own hands and that the country had the second-highest increase in defense spending among NATO members over the past year.
"There is no reason to doubt NATO's commitment to the core function of the Alliance — collective defense," Latvian Defense Minister Raimonds Bergmanis wrote on Twitter, adding that the country was aiming to meet the 2 percent spending target by 2018.
A more pointed tone was taken by Ojars Eriks Kalnins, chair of the foreign affairs committee in Latvia’s Parliament, who called Trump's remarks "dangerous" in comments also reported by Diena newspaper. Kalnins noted it was unclear if Trump was talking about the spending commitments or generally being helpful to the United States.
"Too bad the NY Times didn't ask Trump if he would defend NATO member Slovenia if attacked," the U.S.-raised Latvian politician wrote on Twitter, a reference to the Eastern European state and ally in which the Republican nominee's wife, Melania Trump, was born and has family.
Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaite downplayed the comments. "I do not think interpretations of candidate Trump’s remarks are necessary," Grybauskaite said at a press conference on Thursday. "We know that the United States will remain our most important partner." This line was followed in comments made by Linas Linkevicius, the foreign minister of Lithuania, on a local radio show. "We do not have reason to doubt that our allies will fulfill their commitments to the alliance," he said, according to the Baltic News Service.
NATO established its 2 percent defense spending requirement in 2006. Of the three Baltic states, only Estonia currently meets that requirement, although Latvia and Lithuania have said they are increasing their spending and hope to meet it within a few years. Baltic states aren't alone in this; of the 28 member states, only five spent at least 2 percent of their GDP on defense in 2015.
However, even if the Baltic states did increase their spending dramatically, their small size means that their contributions would remain low: According to data from the U.S. Defense Department, all three countries currently contribute less than 0.5 percent of the funding for the NATO Security Investment Program, one of the alliance's three resource pillars. The United States contributes 22.1 percent.
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were all former members of the Soviet Union and have long existed on the periphery of Moscow's influence. After they gained independence, all three countries sought NATO membership, officially applying in 2002 and joining in 2004. Given their history and tight geography with Russia, there's little doubt they were enticed to join by Article 5, a core principle of NATO's founding treaty that says a military attack against one state should be considered a military attack against all states.
"We are equally committed to all our NATO allies, regardless of who they may be," Estonian president Ilves, who spent much of his early life in the U.S., continued. "That's what makes them allies."